Infografía: Usos del CBD en perros y gatos

Investigación: MVZ Flor Ortiz

El CBD y otros cannabinoides tienen propiedades farmacológicas y deben ser prescritos por un médico veterinario para su uso en animales.

NO SE AUTOMEDIQUE NI MEDIQUE A SUS MASCOTAS SIN ASESORÍA DE UN MÉDICO VETERINARIO. 

Todos los animales vertebrados poseen un sistema endocannabinoide (SEC) que produce compuestos llamados cannabinoides. Por tal motivo, perros, gatos, caballos, otros mamíferos e incluso aves y reptiles pueden beneficiarse de tratamientos a base de CBD, un cannabinoide producido por la planta de cannabis.

La investigación respalda que el CBD puede ayudar a tratar:

  • Epilepsia (5,16,21)

  • Enfermedades articulares (12, 20,22,24,28)

  • Problemas dermatológicos (3,4,17,23)

  • Cáncer (1,14,15,19)

  • Glaucoma (9,10,26)

  • Inflamación y dolor (agudo y crónico) (6,8,13,27,28,31)

  • Pérdida del apetito (6,8,13,29,31)

  • Problemas de comportamiento (ansiedad, agresión, miedo, etc.) (2,6,7,11,18,30)

  • Pacientes gerontes (25,31)

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Referencias por enfermedad o alteración

Cáncer (1,14,15,19)
Epilepsia (5,16,21)
Enfermedades articulares (12, 20,22,24,28)
Dermatología (3,4,17,23)
Glaucoma (9,10,26)
Problemas de comportamiento (2,6,7,11,18,30)
Control de la inflamación y del dolor (agudo y crónico) (6,8,13,27,28,31)
Pérdida del apetito (6,8,13,29,31)
Pacientes gerontes (25,31)

 

Referencias en diferentes especies  

Vacas (28)
Borrego (28)
Cerdo (28)
Caballos (27,28)
Elefante (31)

 

 Referencias

  1. Bifulco,M., Laezza, C., Pisanti, S. y Gazzero, P. (2006). Cannabinoids and cancer: pros and cons of an antitumour strategy. British Journal of Pharmacology, 148, 123–135.

  2. Blessing, E. M., Steenkamp, M. M., Manzanares, J., y Marmar, C. R. (2015). Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 12(4), 825–836. doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1

  3. Campora, L., Miragliota, V., Ricci, E., Cristino, L., Di Marzo, V., Albanese, F., Della Valle, M. F., Abramo, F. (2011). Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 expression in the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis. Am J Vet Res. 73(7):988-95. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.7.988

  4. Cerrato, S., Brazis, P., Della Valle, M. F., Miolo, A., Petrosino, S., Di Marzo, V. y Puigdemont, A. (2012). Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on the cutaneous allergic inflammatory response in Ascaris hypersensitive Beagle dogs. The Veterinary Journal, 191 377–382. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.04.002

  5. Cifuentes Sanabria, C. A., Yepes Gómez, H. V., Valcarcel Peña, J. Y. (2019). Estudio retrospectivo del uso de cannabis medicinal en pacientes epilépticos idiopáticos en la clínica animal health neurología veterinaria de Bogota-Colombia. REMEVET-Especial Colombia CVDC. Recuperado de http://fliphtml5.com/nxmz/yxoa/basic

  6. Cital, S., Kramer, K., Hughston, L., y Gaynor, J. (Eds.). (2021). Cannabis Therapy in Veterinary Medicine: A Complete Guide. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68317-7.

  7. Corsetti, S., Borruso, S., Malandrucco, L., Spallucci, V., Maragliano, L., Perino, R., D’Agostino, P. y Natoli, E. (2021). Cannabis sativa L. may reduce aggressive behaviour towards humans in shelter dogs. Sci Rep 11, 2773. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82439-2

  8. De Briyne, N., Holmes, D., Sandler, I., Stiles, E., Szymanski, D., Moody, S., Neumann, S., y Anadón, A. (2021). Cannabis, cannabidiol oils and tetrahydrocannabinol—what do veterinarians need to know? Animals, 11(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030892

  9. Elsohly, M. A., Harland, E., Murphy, J. C., Wirth, P. y Waller, C. W. (1981). Cannabinoids in Glaucoma: A Primary Screening Procedure. J Clin Pharmacol; 21 :472S-478S. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02627.x

  10. Fischer, K. M., Ward, D. A., Hendrix, D. V. (2013). Effects of a topically applied 2% delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res; 74(2):275-80. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.2.275

  11. Galeana G., D.I. y Castillo Vazquez, M. (2020). Uso del cbd en consulta de etología clínica. Reporte de caso. REMEVET. EDICIÓN ESPECIAL VETCANN 2-2020, 40-42.

  12. Gamble, L. J., Boesch, J. M., Frye, C. W., Schwark, W. S., Mann, S., Wolfe, L., Brown, H., Berthelsen, E. S., Wakshlag, J. J. (2018). Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs. Front. Vet. Sci. 5:165. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00165

  13. Hazzah, T., Andre, C., Richter, G., y Mcgrath, S. (2020). Cannabis in Veterinary Medicine: A Critical Review. AHVMA Journal, 61, 17–41.

  14. Kehl, L. J., Hamamoto, D. T., Wacnik, P. W., Croft, D. L., Norsted, B. D., Wilcox,G. L. y Simone, D. A. (2003). A cannabinoid agonist differentially attenuates deep tissue hyperalgesia in animal models of cancer and inflammatory muscle pain. Pain, 103, (1–2): 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00450-5

  15. McCarthy. L. E. y Borinson H. L. (1981). Antiemetic Activity of N-Methyllevonantradol and Nahilone in Cisplatin-Treated cats. J Clin Pharmacol; 21 :30S-37S.

  16. McGrath, S., Bartner, L. R., Rao, S., Packer, R. A., Gustafson, D. L. (2019). Randomized blinded controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of oral cannabidiol administration in addition to conventional antiepileptic treatment on seizure frequency in dogs with intractable idiopathic epilepsy. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 254(11):1301-1308. doi: 10.2460/javma.254.11.1301

  17. Miragliotta, V., Ricci, P. L., Albanese, F., Pirone, A., Tognotti, D. y Abramo, F. (2018). Cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α: distribution in the skin of clinically healthy cats and cats with hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol. DOI: 10.1111/vde.12658

  18. Morris, E.M., Kitts-Morgan, S.E., Spangler, D.M., McLeod, K.R., Costa, J.H.C. y Harmon, D.L. (2020). The Impact of Feeding Cannabidiol (CBD) Containing Treats on Canine Response to a Noise-Induced Fear Response Test. Front. Vet. Sci. 7:569565. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.569565

  19. Parker, L., Kwiatkowska, M., Burton, P. Mechoulam, R. (2003). Effect of cannabinoids on lithium-induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus (house musk shrew). Psychopharmacology. 171:156–161. DOI 10.1007/s00213-003-1571-2

  20. De Gregorio, D., et al. (2019). Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain, 160 (2019) 136–150. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2Fj.pain.0000000000001386

  21. Gesell, F. K., Zoerner, A. A., Brauer, C., Engeli, S., Tsikas, D., Tipold, A. (2013). Alterations of endocannabinoids in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with epileptic seizure disorder. BMC Veterinary Research.Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370333

  22. Philpott H.T., O’Brien M., McDougall, J. (2017). Attenuation of early phase inflammation by cannabidiol prevents pain and nerve damage in rat osteoarthritis. Pain. 2017 Dec; 158(12): 2442–2451. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2Fj.pain.0000000000001052

  23. Scarampella, F., Abramo, F. y Noli, C. (2001). Clinical and histological evaluation of an analogue of Palmitoylethanolamide. PLR 20 (comicronized Palmidrol INN) in cats with eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophilic plaque: a pilot study. Veterinary Dermatology, 12 (1), 29-39. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3164.2001.00214.x

  24. Valastro et al. (2017). Characterization of endocannabinoids and related acylethanolamides in synovial fluid of osteoarthritic dogs: a pilot study. BMC Veterinary Research (2017) 13:309. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12917-017-1245-7

  25. Zadik-Weiss, L., Ritter, S., Hermush, V., Asher, N., Avital, A., y Or, R. (2020). Feline cognitive dysfunction as a model for Alzheimer’s disease in the research of CBD as a potential treatment—a narrative review. Journal of Cannabis Research, 2(1), 0–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-020-00054-w

  26. Guo, L., Luong, V., Gregson, A., Baker, D., Selwood, D., Cordeiro, F.M. (2021). VSN16S, an agonist of the cannabinoid receptor, reduces IOP profiles and exhibits neuroprotective properties in a rat model of glaucoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.,62(8):2360.

  27. Ellis, K. L., y Contino, E. K. (2019). Treatment using cannabidiol in a horse with mechanical allodynia. Equine Veterinary Education. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13168

  28. Luedke, C. (2020, 9-13 noviembre). Cáñamo para caballos: revisión de casos clínicos y protocolos de dosificación [Presentación de conferencia]. Congreso Vetcann 2020, Online. https://vetcann.org/index.php/ii-congreso-internacional-vetcann-online-2020/

  29. Cohen, L., Jones, T., Guay, K., Smith, W.B., Nichols, J. y Elwonger, F. (2021). Evaluation of oral supplementation of cannabidiol (CBD) in horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 100, 103525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103525

  30. Hill, E. y Bryne, W. (2021). Safety and behavioural effects of cannabidiol applied as an oral administration in horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 100, 103598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103598

  31. Ortiz, F., Castillo, M., Hernández, Q. y Flores, C. (2021). Preliminary Evaluation of Cannabidiol Use in an Asian Elephant: Brief Report. Preprints, 2021060442

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