Infographic: Uses of CBD in animals

blogICAN Vets
Escrito por Mish Castillo

Research: MVZ Flor Ortiz. Design: Zaira Orozco. All rights reserved

CBD and other cannabinoids have pharmacological properties and, in Mexico, must be prescribed by a veterinarian for its use in animals. Don’t self-medicate or medicate your animals without surpervision by a veterinarian. 

All vertebrates possess an endocannabinoid system (ECS) that produces compounds called cannabinoids. For this reason, dogs, cats, horses, other mammals and even birds and reptiles can be benefitted from treatments with CBD, a cannabinoid produced by the cannabis plant.

Research indicates that CBD can help treat:

  • Epilepsy (5,16,21)

  • Joint diseases (12, 20,22,24,28)

  • Dermatological problems (3,4,17,23)

  • Cancer (1,14,15,19)

  • Glaucoma (9,10,26)

  • Inflammation and pain (both acute and chronic) (6,8,13,27,28,31)

  • Loss of appetite (6,8,13,29,31)

  • Behavioral problems (anxiety, aggresion, fear, etc.) (2,6,7,11,18,30)

  • Geriatric patients (25,31)

ICAN® Todos los derechos reservados. No se permite la modificación de las imágenes ni los textos aquí contenidos. Se permite su reproducción sin modificación cuando se cite a ICAN como autor y se enlace a www.ican.mx y/o al Facebook @ICANvets. Diseño: Zaira Orozco

References by illness or alteration

Cancer (1,14,15,19)
Epilepsy (5,16,21)
Joint disease (12, 20,22,24,28)
Dermatology (3,4,17,23)
Glaucoma (9,10,26)
Behavioral problems (2,6,7,11,18,30)
Inflammation and pain control (6,8,13,27,28,31)
Loss of appetite (6,8,13,29,31)
Geriatric Patients (25,31)

 

References in different species  

Cattle (28)
Sheep (28)
Pig (28)
Horses (27,28)
Elephant (31)

 

 References

  1. Bifulco,M., Laezza, C., Pisanti, S. y Gazzero, P. (2006). Cannabinoids and cancer: pros and cons of an antitumour strategy. British Journal of Pharmacology, 148, 123–135.

  2. Blessing, E. M., Steenkamp, M. M., Manzanares, J., y Marmar, C. R. (2015). Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 12(4), 825–836. doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1

  3. Campora, L., Miragliota, V., Ricci, E., Cristino, L., Di Marzo, V., Albanese, F., Della Valle, M. F., Abramo, F. (2011). Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 expression in the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis. Am J Vet Res. 73(7):988-95. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.7.988

  4. Cerrato, S., Brazis, P., Della Valle, M. F., Miolo, A., Petrosino, S., Di Marzo, V. y Puigdemont, A. (2012). Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on the cutaneous allergic inflammatory response in Ascaris hypersensitive Beagle dogs. The Veterinary Journal, 191 377–382. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.04.002

  5. Cifuentes Sanabria, C. A., Yepes Gómez, H. V., Valcarcel Peña, J. Y. (2019). Estudio retrospectivo del uso de cannabis medicinal en pacientes epilépticos idiopáticos en la clínica animal health neurología veterinaria de Bogota-Colombia. REMEVET-Especial Colombia CVDC. Recuperado de http://fliphtml5.com/nxmz/yxoa/basic

  6. Cital, S., Kramer, K., Hughston, L., y Gaynor, J. (Eds.). (2021). Cannabis Therapy in Veterinary Medicine: A Complete Guide. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68317-7.

  7. Corsetti, S., Borruso, S., Malandrucco, L., Spallucci, V., Maragliano, L., Perino, R., D’Agostino, P. y Natoli, E. (2021). Cannabis sativa L. may reduce aggressive behaviour towards humans in shelter dogs. Sci Rep 11, 2773. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82439-2

  8. De Briyne, N., Holmes, D., Sandler, I., Stiles, E., Szymanski, D., Moody, S., Neumann, S., y Anadón, A. (2021). Cannabis, cannabidiol oils and tetrahydrocannabinol—what do veterinarians need to know? Animals, 11(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030892

  9. Elsohly, M. A., Harland, E., Murphy, J. C., Wirth, P. y Waller, C. W. (1981). Cannabinoids in Glaucoma: A Primary Screening Procedure. J Clin Pharmacol; 21 :472S-478S. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02627.x

  10. Fischer, K. M., Ward, D. A., Hendrix, D. V. (2013). Effects of a topically applied 2% delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res; 74(2):275-80. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.2.275

  11. Galeana G., D.I. y Castillo Vazquez, M. (2020). Uso del cbd en consulta de etología clínica. Reporte de caso. REMEVET. EDICIÓN ESPECIAL VETCANN 2-2020, 40-42.

  12. Gamble, L. J., Boesch, J. M., Frye, C. W., Schwark, W. S., Mann, S., Wolfe, L., Brown, H., Berthelsen, E. S., Wakshlag, J. J. (2018). Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs. Front. Vet. Sci. 5:165. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00165

  13. Hazzah, T., Andre, C., Richter, G., y Mcgrath, S. (2020). Cannabis in Veterinary Medicine: A Critical Review. AHVMA Journal, 61, 17–41.

  14. Kehl, L. J., Hamamoto, D. T., Wacnik, P. W., Croft, D. L., Norsted, B. D., Wilcox,G. L. y Simone, D. A. (2003). A cannabinoid agonist differentially attenuates deep tissue hyperalgesia in animal models of cancer and inflammatory muscle pain. Pain, 103, (1–2): 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00450-5

  15. McCarthy. L. E. y Borinson H. L. (1981). Antiemetic Activity of N-Methyllevonantradol and Nahilone in Cisplatin-Treated cats. J Clin Pharmacol; 21 :30S-37S.

  16. McGrath, S., Bartner, L. R., Rao, S., Packer, R. A., Gustafson, D. L. (2019). Randomized blinded controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of oral cannabidiol administration in addition to conventional antiepileptic treatment on seizure frequency in dogs with intractable idiopathic epilepsy. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 254(11):1301-1308. doi: 10.2460/javma.254.11.1301

  17. Miragliotta, V., Ricci, P. L., Albanese, F., Pirone, A., Tognotti, D. y Abramo, F. (2018). Cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α: distribution in the skin of clinically healthy cats and cats with hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol. DOI: 10.1111/vde.12658

  18. Morris, E.M., Kitts-Morgan, S.E., Spangler, D.M., McLeod, K.R., Costa, J.H.C. y Harmon, D.L. (2020). The Impact of Feeding Cannabidiol (CBD) Containing Treats on Canine Response to a Noise-Induced Fear Response Test. Front. Vet. Sci. 7:569565. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.569565

  19. Parker, L., Kwiatkowska, M., Burton, P. Mechoulam, R. (2003). Effect of cannabinoids on lithium-induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus (house musk shrew). Psychopharmacology. 171:156–161. DOI 10.1007/s00213-003-1571-2

  20. De Gregorio, D., et al. (2019). Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain, 160 (2019) 136–150. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2Fj.pain.0000000000001386

  21. Gesell, F. K., Zoerner, A. A., Brauer, C., Engeli, S., Tsikas, D., Tipold, A. (2013). Alterations of endocannabinoids in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with epileptic seizure disorder. BMC Veterinary Research.Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370333

  22. Philpott H.T., O’Brien M., McDougall, J. (2017). Attenuation of early phase inflammation by cannabidiol prevents pain and nerve damage in rat osteoarthritis. Pain. 2017 Dec; 158(12): 2442–2451. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2Fj.pain.0000000000001052

  23. Scarampella, F., Abramo, F. y Noli, C. (2001). Clinical and histological evaluation of an analogue of Palmitoylethanolamide. PLR 20 (comicronized Palmidrol INN) in cats with eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophilic plaque: a pilot study. Veterinary Dermatology, 12 (1), 29-39. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3164.2001.00214.x

  24. Valastro et al. (2017). Characterization of endocannabinoids and related acylethanolamides in synovial fluid of osteoarthritic dogs: a pilot study. BMC Veterinary Research (2017) 13:309. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12917-017-1245-7

  25. Zadik-Weiss, L., Ritter, S., Hermush, V., Asher, N., Avital, A., y Or, R. (2020). Feline cognitive dysfunction as a model for Alzheimer’s disease in the research of CBD as a potential treatment—a narrative review. Journal of Cannabis Research, 2(1), 0–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-020-00054-w

  26. Guo, L., Luong, V., Gregson, A., Baker, D., Selwood, D., Cordeiro, F.M. (2021). VSN16S, an agonist of the cannabinoid receptor, reduces IOP profiles and exhibits neuroprotective properties in a rat model of glaucoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.,62(8):2360.

  27. Ellis, K. L., y Contino, E. K. (2019). Treatment using cannabidiol in a horse with mechanical allodynia. Equine Veterinary Education. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13168

  28. Luedke, C. (2020, 9-13 noviembre). Cáñamo para caballos: revisión de casos clínicos y protocolos de dosificación [Presentación de conferencia]. Congreso Vetcann 2020, Online. https://vetcann.org/index.php/ii-congreso-internacional-vetcann-online-2020/

  29. Cohen, L., Jones, T., Guay, K., Smith, W.B., Nichols, J. y Elwonger, F. (2021). Evaluation of oral supplementation of cannabidiol (CBD) in horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 100, 103525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103525

  30. Hill, E. y Bryne, W. (2021). Safety and behavioural effects of cannabidiol applied as an oral administration in horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 100, 103598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103598

  31. Ortiz, F., Castillo, M., Hernández, Q. y Flores, C. (2021). Preliminary Evaluation of Cannabidiol Use in an Asian Elephant: Brief Report. Preprints, 2021060442

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